| +----+----------------------+ | 1.| -- | | 2.|Stepping up the green | | |grass. | | 3.|Thus, and thus, and | | |thus. | | 4.| -- | | 5.| -- | | 6.|Will you let one of | | |your fair maids. | | 7.
White now has a blot on his four point, which he should cover by playing in a man four points from the outer table, it being better to leave a blot there than at home. [Illustration: +-+-+-+-+-+-++-+-+-+-+-+-+ | | |⛀|⛂|⛀|⛀||⛀|⛀| |⛀| |⛂| | | |⛀| |⛀|⛀||⛀|⛀| | | |⛂| | | | | | | ||⛀| | | | | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | | |⛂| | |⛂|| | | | | | | |⛂| |⛂| | |⛂||⛂|⛂| | | |⛀| |⛂| |⛂| | |⛂||⛂|⛂| | |⛀|⛀| +-+-+-+-+-+-++-+-+-+-+-+-+ ] When a player has a man that has been hit, and placed upon the bar by the adversary, he must re-enter that man before he moves any others. He may choose for the purpose either of the numbers on the next throw of the dice, and must place his man on the point in the adversary’s home table which agrees with the number selected. Suppose that in the foregoing example, Black’s next throw is five-deuce. He cannot enter the man on the five-point, because it is covered by the enemy: so he must enter upon the deuce point, which is not covered, and must move some other man five points for the throw upon the other die. If both the five and deuce points were covered, Black could not enter on either of them, and as he cannot play until the man on the bar is entered, the throw would be lost, and he would have to wait until his adversary threw and moved in his turn. If two men are upon the bar, both must be entered before any man can be moved. A man may enter and hit a blot at the same time. If a player could get his men round the board without any of them being hit, seventy-seven points on the dice thrown would bring them all home; but as every man hit has to start all over again from his adversary’s home table, it may take a great many throws to get all the men home. For this reason it is obvious that each player should leave as few blots as possible, in order to save his men from being hit; and at the same time he should strive to cover as many points as possible, in order to prevent his adversary from moving round the board freely.
Allingham seems to have used this rhyme as the commencement of one of his ballads, Up the airy mountain. (_d_) The game is clearly a marriage game. It introduces two important details in the betrothal ceremony, inasmuch as the huddling and cuddling is typical of the rude customs at marriage ceremonies once prevalent in Yorkshire, the northern counties, and Wales, while the making of the pudding by the bride and the subsequent eating together, are clearly analogies to the bridal-cake ceremony. In Wales, the custom known as bundling allowed the betrothing parties to go to bed in their clothes (Brand, ii. 98). In Yorkshire, the bridal cake was always made by the bride. The rudeness of the dialogue seems to be remarkably noticeable in this game. See Mary mixed a Pudding up, Oliver, Oliver, follow the King. [1] Miss Chase says, I think the order of verses is right; the children hesitated a little. [2] Mr.
Newell s _Games and Songs of American Children_, pp. 155-56. By referring to these games it will be seen that the whole group are mimic representatives of farmyard episodes, though the animal characters are giving way to more domestic affairs, as shown in the Pins and Needles version of Hen and Chickens. It is possible that the different animals which are victims to the Fox appearing in the different games may arise from local circumstances, and that in this case a real distinction exists between the various names by which this game is known. A game called Wolf and Deer, similar to Fox and Geese, is given in _Winter Evening Amusements_, by R. Revel. The last one at the end of the tail may, if she has no other chance of escape, try and place herself before the Deer or Hen. She is then no longer to be hunted; all the others must then follow her example until the deer becomes the last of the line. The game then terminates by exacting a forfeit for each lady whom the Wolf has suffered to escape his clutches (pp. 64, 65).
It is usual to draw for the first game, one player concealing in each hand a pawn of a different colour, and offering the choice of hands to his adversary. Whichever colour the chosen hand contains is the one the chooser must take for the first game. The duplicate pieces of each colour are distinguished by their position with regard to the King or Queen; those on the King’s side being called the King’s Bishop, the King’s Knight, and the King’s Rook. Those on the Queen’s side are the Queen’s Bishop, Queen’s Knight, and Queen’s Rook. The pawns are designated by the pieces in front of which they stand; King’s Pawn; Queen’s Knight’s Pawn, etc. The comparative _=value of the pieces=_ changes a little in the course of play, the Rooks especially not being so valuable early in the game. Authorities differ a little as to the exact value of the pieces, but if we take the Pawn as a unit, the fighting value of the others will be about as follows:-- A Knight is worth 3½ Pawns. A Bishop is worth 5¼ Pawns. A Rook is worth 9½ Pawns. A Queen is worth 15 Pawns.
How much of what you ve been feeding me is just window dressing? She shrugged, but stayed silent. _Have_ you been married? I insisted. Yes, Billy Joe. _And_ divorced? Oh, darlin Billy, she sighed. I jest shouldn t never a _done_ that. But I did, she added. Talk English, I snapped. This chitterlin s and corn pone are just more window dressing, right? Her face was solemn behind the glasses. When you are a smart girl, and you know the future, too, they hate you and try to hurt you, she said. They don t seem to mind it so much if it comes from a piece of white trash that never could be no account.
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Here we come looby, looby, Here we come looby light, Here we come looby, looby, All on a Saturday night. --Belfast (W. H. Patterson). XI. Here we come looping, looping [louping?], Looping all the night; I put my right foot in, I put my right foot out, I shake it a little, a little, And I turn myself about. --Hexham (Miss J. Barker). XII. Christian was a soldier, A soldier, a soldier, Christian was a soldier, and a brave one too.
_=REPIC.=_ If either player is able to reach 30 by successive declarations, beginning with the point, all of which are admitted by his adversary to be good, he adds 60 to his score, making it 90 instead of 30, and this is irrespective of what his adversary may have in minor or inferior combinations. The important thing to remember in repic is that declarations always count in regular order, carte blanche taking precedence of everything; then the point, sequences, and quatorze or trio. Suppose elder hand to hold the following cards:-- ♡ K Q J 10 9; ♣ A K Q; ♢ A Q 9; ♠ Q. If the quinte to the King is admitted good for the point, it must be good for the sequence also. That is 20. The four Queens must be good, as the adversary cannot have any quatorze. This makes the total 34, and 60 added for repic, 94 altogether, to which he will add one for leading the first card, if it is above a Nine. Suppose the elder hand had the following cards:-- ♡ A K Q J 8; ♣ A K; ♢ A K; ♠ A K 10. If his point is good, that and his four Aces and Kings will make him 33 altogether; but his sequence is not good, because the dealer holds five diamonds to the Queen, which comes in order before the score for quatorze, and so saves the repic.
We ve come to see Jenny Jones, Jenny Jones, Jenny Jones, We ve come to see Jenny Jones, And how is she now? O Jenny is washing, O washing, O washing, O Jenny is washing, And you can t see her now. Very well, ladies, ladies, ladies, Very well, ladies, and gentlemen too. We ve come to see Jenny Jones, Jenny Jones, Jenny Jones, We ve come to see Jenny Jones, And how is she now? O Jenny is starching, O starching, O starching, O Jenny is starching, And you can t see her now. Very well, ladies, ladies, ladies, Very well, ladies, and gentlemen too. We ve come to see Jenny Jones, Jenny Jones, Jenny Jones, We ve come to see Jenny Jones, And how is she now? O Jenny is ironing, O ironing, O ironing, O Jenny is ironing, And you can t see her now. Very well, ladies, ladies, ladies, Very well, ladies, and gentlemen too. We ve come to see Jenny Jones, Jenny Jones, Jenny Jones, We ve come to see Jenny Jones, And how is she now? O Jenny is ill, O ill, O ill, O Jenny is ill, And you can t see her now. Very well, ladies, ladies, ladies, Very well, ladies, and gentlemen too. We ve come to see Jenny Jones, Jenny Jones, Jenny Jones, We ve come to see Jenny Jones, And how is she now? O Jenny is dying, O dying, O dying, O Jenny is dying, And you can t see her now. Very well, ladies, ladies, ladies, Very well, ladies, and gentlemen too.
As a general rule, the suit first led by an adversary should be returned, unless the player winning the trick has a singleton in another suit, when he should lead that. The suit led by the caller, if he was eldest hand, should not be returned. Some judgment of character must be used in playing on a caller’s own lead. An adventurous player will sometimes call a misère on a hand which contains a singleton 5 or 6, and will lead it at once; trusting that second hand will imagine it to be safe, and cover it. Players should be aware of this trap, and never cover a misère player’s own lead if they can help it, unless the card led is below a 4. _=ABUNDANCE.=_ Very few persons will risk calling an abundance which they are not pretty certain of; but a player may be forced to the call on a doubtful hand, especially if he is over-called on his original proposal to play a solo. The lead is a great advantage, because trumps can be exhausted immediately, and the suits protected. If the caller has not the lead he must calculate in advance for trumping in, and if his plain suits are not quite established, he will require more trumps than would otherwise be necessary. The greatest danger to an abundance player who has not the original lead, is that his best suit will be led through him, and trumped, either on the first or second round.
He then bets any player that there will be 1, 2, 3, or 4 left, the player taking his choice, and being paid three for one if he guesses correctly. In spite of the fact that this game is apparently perfectly fair for all concerned, the author has never seen an American who could win anything at it while a Chinaman was the banker. FARO. This is one of the oldest banking games, and is supposed to be of Italian origin. It belongs to the same family as Lansquenet, Florentini, and Monte Bank. Under the name of Pharaon, it was in great favour during the reign of Louis XIV., and came to America by way of New Orleans. As originally played, the dealer held the cards in his left hand, and any bets once put down could not again be taken up until they were decided. In addition to splits, the dealer took hockelty. As now played, Faro requires extensive and costly apparatus, the engraved counters used being often worth more than their playing value.
He must then discard to reduce his playing hand to eleven cards again. Any points in the cards he lays away will count for him at the end of the play. The player on the dealer’s left always leads for the first trick, any card he pleases. The others must follow suit if they can, but they are not obliged to head the trick. If a player cannot follow suit, he must trump, and if the third player cannot follow suit either, he must play a trump, but he is not obliged to over-trump unless he likes. The eleven tricks played, each side turns over the cards taken in and counts the points. For every point the single player gets over 60 he must be paid a counter by each of the others who held cards. But if he does not get 60, he must pay each of the others at the table, including those who held no cards, if any, a counter for every point his adversaries get over 60. _=Chico=_ outbids Frog. The player offering this game can name any suit for the trump except hearts, but he must not touch the widow, although the points in it will count for him at the end.
This is called An Old Woman from the Wood in Dorsetshire. The children form themselves into two ranks. The first rank says: Here comes an old oman from the wood. The second party answers: What cans t thee do? First Party: Do anythin . Second Party: Work away. This the children proceed to do, some by pretending to sew, some to wash, some to dig, some to knit, without any instruments to do it with. If the opposite side guess what they are doing, they change sides. This game, Miss Summers believes, is very old, and has been played by several generations in the village of Hazelbury Bryan.--Dorsetshire (_Folk-lore Journal_, vii. 230).
Coles, 7th ed. 1711.-- _Ascol._ The play called Fox to the hole.--_Empus._ Ludus Empusæ. Scotch hoppers, or Fox in the hole. A similar game to this is played at Earls Heaton, Yorkshire (Mr. Hardy), and called Goose and Gander. Two players, the Goose and the Gander, stand in a ring, each on one leg.
Some houses allow a player to bet on raffles generally; that is, to bet that a raffle of some kind will come. Such bets are paid 30 for 1. The percentage of the house, even in a square game, may be seen from the following table, which gives the odds against the event, and the odds which the house pays:-- The odds against 3 or 18 are 215 to 1; the house pays 180 ” 4 ” 17 ” 71 ” 1 ” 60 ” 5 ” 16 ” 35 ” 1 ” 29 ” 6 ” 15 ” 20½ ” 1 ” 18 ” 7 ” 14 ” 13¼ ” 1 ” 12 ” 8 ” 13 ” 9¼ ” 1 ” 8 ” 9 ” 12 ” 7¼ ” 1 ” 6 ” 10 ” 11 ” 7 ” 1 ” 6 _=Cheating.=_ There are endless ways of swindling at Chuck-luck, the most modern being to turn the dice over after they have reached the table through the funnel. This is done by an apparatus under the cloth, the dealer looking down the funnel to see how the dice lie, and then adjusting them to suit himself. Another method is to hold out one die, throwing only two down the funnel, and slipping the third down the outside, turning it so that when it is combined with the two already in the funnel it will beat the big bets on the layout. Raffles can be forced in this way whenever the two dice in the funnel are paired. RONDEAU. This game is played on a pocket billiard table. The banker asks for bets on the _=inside=_ and _=outside=_, and the amounts staked on each side must balance.
Although none of the versions of the games now collected together are in their original form, but are more or less fragmentary, it cannot, I think, fail to be noticed how extremely interesting these games are, not only from the point of view of the means of amusement (and under this head there can be no question of their interest), but as a means of obtaining an insight into many of the customs and beliefs of our ancestors. Children do not invent, but they imitate or mimic very largely, and in many of these games we have, there is little doubt, unconscious folk-dramas of events and customs which were at one time being enacted as a part of the serious concerns of life before the eyes of children many generations ago. As to the many points of interest under this and other heads there is no occasion to dwell at length here, because the second volume will contain an appendix giving a complete analysis of the incidents mentioned in the games, and an attempt to tell the story of their origin and development, together with a comparison with the games of children of foreign countries. The intense pleasure which the collection of these games has given me has been considerably enhanced by the many expressions of the same kind of pleasure from correspondents who have helped me, it not being an infrequent case for me to be thanked for reviving some of the keenest pleasures experienced by the collector since childhood; and I cannot help thinking that, if these traditional games have the power of thus imparting pleasure after the lapse of many years, they must contain the power of giving an equal pleasure to those who may now learn them for the first time. ALICE BERTHA GOMME. BARNES COMMON, S.W., _Jan. 1894_. LIST OF AUTHORITIES ENGLAND.
But this is not correct, as will be immediately apparent if we write out all the 36 possible throws with two dice; for we shall find that only 11 of the 36 contain an ace, and 25 do not. The proper way to calculate this is to take the chances against the ace on each die separately, and then to multiply them together. There are five other numbers that might come up, and the fraction of their probability is ⅚ × ⅚ = 25/36, or 25 to 11 in their favour. Take the case of three dice: As three numbers out of six must come up, it might be supposed that it was an even thing that one would be an ace. But the possible throws with three dice are 6 × 6 × 6 = 216; and those that do not contain an ace are 5 × 5 × 5 = 125; so that the odds against getting an ace in one throw with three dice, or three throws with one die, are 125/216, or 125 to 91 against it. To find the probability of getting a given total on the faces of two or three dice we must find the number of ways that the desired number can come. In the 36 possible throws with two dice there are 6 which will show a total of seven pips. The probability of throwing seven is therefore 6/36, or 5 to 1 against it. A complete list of the combinations with two dice were given in connection with Craps. _=Poker.
This is sometimes very important, as both players often need the same card. In the foregoing example, the player’s best discard would be his ♢ K, which is too far removed from the others in the suit to make a run possible, and there is no mate to it with which to start a triplet. If the adversary could use this King, he would have to discard in his turn, and the card so thrown out would be at the disposal of the other player, just as if it had been drawn from the stock. _=Forcing.=_ A player need not use any card drawn, but if he has upon the table any combination in which it can be used, his adversary may force him with it, even after it has been declined. For instance: A player has eight cards down, two sequences of four small cards each, and in his hand a pair of Kings. Another King will make him game; but if he has to depend on his sequences to put him out, he will have to get three more cards. Suppose he draws a card that will fit one of his sequences; it is to his advantage to pass it; but upon laying it on the table his adversary may take it up and force him with it, by placing it at the end of his sequence, at the same time saying: “Discard.” In the same manner a player holding one of the cards of his adversary’s show-down sequence or triplet may force after using a card, by placing his discard on his adversary’s sequence, instead of laying it on the table. If it is laid on the table, the adversary may pass it at once, by turning it down, and it is then too late to compel him to use it.
Backs in and heads out, Hinkumbooby round about; Fal de ral la, &c. A feet in and nae feet out, Hinkumbooby round about; Fal de ral la, &c. Shake hands a , shake hands a , Hinkumbooby round about; Fal de ral la, &c. Good night a , good night a , Hinkumbooby round about; Fal de ral la, &c. --Chambers (_Popular Rhymes_, pp. 137-139). IV. This is the way we wash our hands, Wash our hands, wash our hands, To come to school in the morning. This is the way we wash our face, Wash our face, wash our face, To come to school in the morning. Here we come dancing looby, Lewby, lewby, li.
The Eckington (Derbyshire) version is played as follows:--A number of young women form a ring. A man stands within the ring, and they sing the words. He then makes choice of a girl, who takes his arm. They both walk round the circle while the others sing the same lines again. The girl who has been chosen makes choice of a young man in the ring, who in his turn chooses another girl, and so on till they have all paired off. (_c_) The first verse of the Shropshire version is also sung at Metheringham, near Lincoln (C. C. Bell), and Cowes, I. W. (Miss E.
If a bidder meets with opposition, he gradually approaches the true value of his game, and the player whose game is worth the most will of course be able to bid the greatest number of points, and must be selected as the player, the two others being his adversaries. _=Games.=_ These games are divided into two principal classes, those in which the player undertakes to win, and those in which he tries to lose. When he plays to lose, it is to lose every trick, there being no trump suit, and the cards in each suit ranking A K Q J 10 9 8 7. These games are called _=Null=_, or Nullo, and _=Null Ouvert=_, the latter being played with the successful bidder’s cards exposed face upward on the table, but not liable to be called. The moment he wins a trick in a Nullo, he loses his game. Nullos are quite foreign to Skat, and appear to have been introduced as a consolation for players who always hold bad cards. When _=Ramsch=_ is played, the object is to take less than either of the other players; but the cards rank as in the ordinary game, except that the four Jacks are the only trumps. In all other games the successful bidder undertakes to win; but his success does not depend on the number of tricks he takes in, but on the total value of the counting cards contained in those tricks. The total value of all the counting cards is 120 points, and to be successful, the single player must win at least 61.
II. There was three jolly fishermen, And they all put out to sea. They cast their nets into the sea, And the [three?] jolly fish caught we. --North Staffs. Potteries (Mrs. Thomas Lawton). (_b_) A circle is formed by joining hands, and two children stand in the centre. They walk round. At the seventh line the two in the centre each choose one child from the ring, thus making four in the centre. They then sing the remaining four lines.
If two or more primes are shown, the one with the highest number of pips wins. If this is still a tie, the elder hand wins. _=A Sequence=_ is a bobtail straight flush; that is, three of the four cards are in sequence, such as the 2, 3 and 4 of spades, with an odd card, such as a 9. This is a better combination than a prime, and the holder receives _=three counters=_ from each player. In case of ties, the highest sequence wins. If the sequence flush is one of four cards, it is a doublet. _=A Tricon=_, or three of a kind, is better than a straight, and entitles the holder to _=four counters=_ from each of the other players. Pairs have no value. _=A Flush=_ is four cards of the same suit, not necessarily in sequence, and is better than a tricon. The holder is paid _=five counters=_ by each of the other players, in addition to winning the pool.