You have K x in one suit, a losing card in another, and a winning card. You want all four tricks to save the game. Play the King, and then the small card; for if your partner has not the Ace and another winning card you must lose the game. You have a losing trump, and Q x x of a suit in which Dummy has K 10 x. If you want one trick, play the losing trump, counting on partner for an honour in the plain suit. If you must have two tricks, lead the Queen, trusting your partner to hold Ace. _=Leading up to Dummy.=_ The best thing for the third hand, or pone, to do, when he does not return his partner’s suit, and has no very strong suit of his own, is to lead up to Dummy’s weak suits, and to lead a card that Dummy cannot beat, if possible. The general principle of leading up to weakness suggests that we should know what weakness is. Dummy may be considered weak in suits of which he holds three or four small cards, none higher than an 8; Ace and one or two small cards; or King and one or two small cards.
Gathering nuts away also occurs in one version from Newbury (Berks), Nuts and May appearing in the larger number after the more usual Nuts in May. In only one version is a specific place mentioned for the gathering. This is in the Bocking version, where Galloway Hill is named, in reply to the unusual question, Where do you gather your nuts in May? A player is usually gathered for Nuts in May. In three or four cases only is this altered to gathering a player s nuts away, which is obviously an alteration to try and make the action coincide exactly with the words. The game is always played in lines, and the principal incidents running throughout all the versions are the same, _i.e._, one player is selected by one line of players from their opponents party. The selected one is refused by her party unless some one from the opposite side can effect her capture by a contest of strength. In all versions but two or three this contest takes place between the two; in one or two all the players join in the trial of strength. In another instance there appears to be no contest, but the selected player crosses over to the opposite side.
In Holiday s play of the _Marriages of the Arts_, 1618, this sport is introduced, and also by Herrick (_Hesperides_, p. 44). Barley-break is several times alluded to in Massinger s plays: see the _Dramatic Works of Philip Massinger_, 1779, i. 167. We ll run at barley-break first, and you shall be in hell (Dekker s _The Honest Whore_). Hee s at barli-break, and the last couple are now in hell (Dekker s _The Virgin Martir_). See Gifford s _Massinger_, i. 104, edit. 1813. See also Browne s _Britannia s Pastorals_, published in 1614, Book I.
| +---+----------------------+----------------------+----------------------+ +---+----------------------+ | |Earls Heaton (Yorks.).| +---+----------------------+ | 1.|Roving life. | | 2.| -- | | 3.| -- | | 4.|Seeks for a bride. | | 5.| -- | | 6.
--Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire (Miss Matthews). III. Here comes one jolly sailor, Just arrived from shore, We ll spend our money like jolly, jolly joes, And then we ll work for more. We ll all around, around and around, And if we meet a pretty little girl We ll call her to the shore. --Northants (Rev. W. D. Sweeting). IV. Here comes four jolly sailor boys, Just lately come ashore; They spend their days in many merry ways, As they have done before.
_=Declarations.=_ The winner of any trick, previous to the exhaustion of the stock, may announce and lay upon the table any one of ten different combinations, which are divided into three classes. These are as follows, with the number of points he is entitled to score for each: CLASS A. DIFFERENT SUITS. Any four of a kind, such as four Tens, 100 Any three of a kind, such as three Queens, 30 Any pair, such as two Nines, 20 CLASS B. THE SAME SUIT. Any sequence of five, containing K Q J, 250 Any sequence of four, containing K Q J, 40 Any sequence of K Q J, 30 King and Queen of any suit, 20 Queen and Jack of any suit, 20 Any flush of five cards, containing K Q J, 50 CLASS C. PENCHANTS. Any Queen and Jack of different suits, 10 The sequences and flushes in class B must all be of the same suit; penchant cards must be of different suits. If the winner of any trick has no declaration to make, he signifies it by drawing the top card from the stock.
WHITE. +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | ⛁ | | ⛁ | | ⛀ | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | ⛃ | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | ⛃ | | ⛃ | | ⛂ | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ BLACK. ] The first position is one of the most common endings on the checker board, and should be very thoroughly understood. The letters in the margin refer to the variations. There are a great many minor variations, for which the student must be referred to Janvier’s Anderson, page 265. _=First Position.=_ 27-32 8 11 32-27 11 7 27-23 7 10 22-26 A 10 6 26-31 6 9 31-26 9 6 26-22 6 10 23-18 10 6 18-14 6 1 22-18 1 6 18-15 6 1 15-10 1 5 10- 6 5 1 14-13 1 5 6- 1 5 9 1- 5 9 13 10-14 13 9 14-18 9 6 18-15 30 25 15-18 6 10 5- 1 25 21 1- 5 10 6 18-15 21 17 5- 1 6 9 15-18 17 13 18-15 9 14 1- 5 14 17 15-10 17 22 10-14 22 25 5- 1 25 22 1- 6 22 25 6-10 25 22 10-15 22 25 15-18 25 21 B wins ------ Var A. 30 25 23-18 10 6 18-14 6 1 26-30 25 21 30-25 1 5 25-22 5 1 22-18 1 5 18-15 5 1 15-10 1 5 10- 6 5 1 14-10 1 5 6- 1 5 9 10-15 B 9 5 15-18 5 9 1- 5 9 6 18-15 21 17 5- 1 6 9 15-18 9 5 18-22 17 14 1- 6 5 1 6- 2 1 5 22-17 14 9 B wins ------ Var B. 9 14 1- 5 21 17 5- 1 17 13 1- 5 14 17 15-10 B wins _=Second Position.=_ 1- 5 8 11 5- 9 11 15 9-14 15 11 14-18 11 16 18-15 16 20 15-11 20 24 3- 7 24 19 7-10 19 23 10-15 23 27 15-19 27 32 19-24 32 28 24-27 28 32 27-31 32 28 31-27 28 32 27-23 32 28 23-18 28 24 18-14 24 19 6-10 19 23 10-15 23 27 15-19 27 32 19-24 32 28 24-27 28 24 27-32 24 28 32-27 28 32 27-24 32 28 24-19 28 32 19-15 32 28 15-10 28 24 10- 6 24 19 14-10 19 24 10-15 24 28 15-19 28 32 19-24 32 28 11-16 28 19 16-23 12 8 23-18 8 4 18-14 4 8 6- 1 8 11 14- 9 13 6 1-10 11 16 10-15 16 20 15-19 B wins _=Third Position.
Every time a card is played which is better than a Nine, the leader counts one for it, adding the number to the total value of his score as already announced. If the second player wins the trick with any card better than a Nine he also counts one; but if the trick is won by the player who led, there is no extra count for winning it. The winner of the _=last trick=_ counts one for it, in addition to his count for winning it with a card better than a Nine. If the leader wins it, he gets the one extra. If each player wins six tricks, there is no further scoring; but if either player wins the _=odd trick=_ he adds to his score ten points for _=cards=_, in addition to all other scores. If either player wins all twelve tricks, which would be the case in the example hand just given as an illustration, he adds to his score forty points for the _=capot=_; but this forty points includes the scores for the last trick and for the odd trick. A card once laid on the table cannot be taken back, unless the player has renounced in error. There is no _=revoke=_ in Piquet, and if a player has one of the suit led he must play it. If he fails to do so, when the error is discovered the cards must be taken back and replayed. _=REPIC.
The incidents of _washing_ a corpse in milk and _dressing_ it in silk occur in Burd Ellen, Jamieson s _Ballads_, p. 125. Tak up, tak up my bonny young son, Gar _wash_ him wi the _milk_; Tak up, tak up my fair lady, Gar row her in the _silk_. Green Grow the Leaves (1) [Music] --Earls Heaton (Mr. Hardy). I. Green grow the leaves (or grows the ivy) round the old oak tree, Green grow the leaves round the old oak tree, Green grow the leaves round the old oak tree, As we go marching on. Bless my life I hardly knew you, Bless my life I hardly knew you, Bless my life I hardly knew you, As we go marching on. --Lincolnshire and Nottinghamshire (Miss Peacock). II.
So have I. You see, I told her. I m a doctor. Not much of a one, I admitted, pointing to my weak right arm. I can t heal myself. Oh, yore pore arm, she said. Show me, I said, turning on her. Heal me! I m to have a sign! she wailed. Well, she got one. I took her to my room, pointed at the dresser.
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_=TURNING THE KING.=_ If the King is turned up, the dealer marks one point for it immediately. If a wrong number of cards has been dealt, and a King is turned, it cannot be scored, because it was not the eleventh card. _=PROPOSING AND REFUSING.=_ The cards dealt, the pone examines his hand, and if he thinks it strong enough to win three or more tricks, he stands; that is, plays without proposing, and says to the dealer: “_=I play=_.” If he thinks he can improve his chances by drawing cards, allowing the dealer the same privilege of course, he says: “_=I propose=_;” or simply: “_=Cards=_.” In reply the dealer may either accept the proposal by asking: “_=How many?=_” or he may refuse, by saying: “_=Play=_.” If he gives cards, he may also take cards himself, after having helped his adversary. If he refuses, he must win at least three tricks or lose two points; and if the pone plays without proposing, he must make three tricks, or lose two points. The hands on which a player should stand, and those on which the dealer should refuse are known as _=jeux de règle=_, and will be found in the suggestions for good play.
In case of ties, the players cut to decide which shall go down, the lowest cut remaining. The winner of each pool at the head table is given one of the special chips provided for that purpose, and which are usually yellow, the others being red, white, and blue. Any player losing all his counters at any table must get a fresh stake of fifty more from the banker, and must then exchange seats with the player at the booby table who has the most counters. Three or four prizes are usually provided for: One for the player who has won the greatest number of yellow chips at the head table, and one each for the lady and gentleman winning the greatest number of counters during the evening’s play. Those who have been provided with an extra stake must be charged with it when settling up. In case of ties for the number of yellow chips, the player with the largest number of ordinary counters wins. The booby prize, if any, is usually given to the player with the smallest number of ordinary chips, or the fewest number of yellow ones. BRAG. There are two varieties of this old English game; single, and three-stake Brag. Both are played with a full pack of fifty-two cards; the positions of the players, arrangements for counters, decision of the betting limit, etc.
There are some occasions for false-card play about which there is little question. Having a sequence in the adverse suit, the Second or Fourth Hand may win with the highest card, especially if the intention is to lead trumps. Holding K Q only, Second Hand may play the King, especially in trumps. Holding A K x, the Fourth Hand should play Ace on a Queen led by an American leader. With such a suit as K J 10 x, after trumps have been exhausted, the Ten is not a safe lead; Jack or fourth-best is better. Holding up the small cards of adverse suits is a common stratagem; and it is legitimate to use any system of false-carding in trumps if it will prevent the adversaries who have led them from counting them accurately. _=Playing to the Score.=_ The play must often be varied on account of the state of the score, either to save or win the game in the hand. If the adversaries appear to be very strong, and likely to go out on the deal, all conventionalities should be disregarded until the game is saved; finesses should be refused, and winning cards played Second Hand on the first round. If the adversaries are exhausting the trumps, it will often be judicious for a player to make what winning cards he has, regardless of all rules for leading, especially if they are sufficient to save the game.
Redeeming the forfeits is called Crying the Weds, in Burne s _Shropshire Folk-lore_, p. 526. See Wadds. Fox Fox, a fox, a brummalary How many miles to Lummaflary? Lummabary? Eight and eight and a hundred and eight. How shall I get home to-night? Spin your legs and run fast. Halliwell gives this rhyme as No. ccclvii. of his _Nursery Rhymes_, but without any description of the game beyond the words, A game of the fox. It is probably the same game as Fox and Goose. Fox and Goose (1) In Dorsetshire one of the party, called the Fox, takes one end of the room or corner of a field (for the game was equally played indoors or out); all the rest of the children arrange themselves in a line or string, according to size, one behind the other, the smallest last, behind the tallest one, called Mother Goose, with their arms securely round the waist of the one in front of them, or sometimes by grasping the dress.
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While they dance, a chair is taken away, and the player who cannot find a seat has to become the snap-tongs next time.--_Shropshire Folk-lore_, p. 525. Nacks A game in which pegs of wood play a similar part to the well-known object Aunt Sally. --Robinson s _Mid Yorkshire Glossary_. Namers and Guessers Any number of players can play this game. Two are chosen, the one to be Namer, and the other Guesser or Witch. The rest of the players range themselves in a row. The Guesser retires out of sight or to a distance. The Namer then gives each player a secret name.
The cards have no value except the order of their sequence in the various suits. The ace is not in sequence with the King, but below the 2. The dealer distributes the cards, one at a time to each player in rotation, as far as they will go, leaving any odd cards on the table face downward, to form what are known as _=stops=_. As it is desirable to have a number of these stops, it is usual to give only nine cards to each when there are five players. The eldest hand begins by leading any card he pleases which he lays face upward in the centre of the table. If he holds any other cards in sequence above it, he must play them, and when he can no longer continue the series, he says aloud: “Without the Jack,” or whatever the card may be that he fails on. The player on his left must then continue the sequence in the same suit, if he can; or he must say: “Without the Jack.” When the sequence reaches the King, it is stopped, and the player who held the King receives a counter from each player at the table. The same player then begins another sequence with any card he pleases. If a sequence is opened with an ace, a counter may be demanded from each player at the table.
Hollis). XIX. Open the gates as wide as high, And let King George and I go by; It is so dark I cannot see To thread my grandmother s needle. --Surrey (_Folk-lore Record_, v. 88). (_b_) There are two methods of playing this game, one in which a King and Queen are represented, and the other in which gates of a city are represented. Of the first Chambers and Mactaggart practically give the same account. The latter says, Two of the swiftest boys are placed between two doons or places of safety; these, perhaps, are two hundred yards distant. All the other boys stand in one of these places or doons, when the two fleet youths come forward and address them with the rhyme. When out, they run in hopes to get to Babylon or the other doon, but many get not near that place before they are caught by the runners, who taens them, that is, lay their hands upon their heads, when they are not allowed to run any more in that game, that is, until they all be taened or taken.
One version, from Eckington, Derbyshire, curiously begins with washing hands and face, combing hair, &c., and then continuing with the Looby game, an apparent mix-up of Mulberry Bush and Looby. Three more versions, Sporle, Cornwall, and Dorsetshire, also have different beginnings, one (Dorsetshire) having the apparently unmeaning I love Antimacassar. (_d_) The origin and meaning of this game appears somewhat doubtful. It is a choral dance, and it may owe its origin to a custom of wild antic dancing in celebration of the rites of some deity in which animal postures were assumed. The Hexham version, Here we come louping [leaping] may probably be the oldest and original form, especially if the conjecture that this game is derived from animal rites is accepted. The term looby, lubin, or luby does not throw much light on the game. Addy (_Sheffield Glossary_) says, Looby is an old form of the modern lubber, a clumsy fellow, a dolt. That a stupid or ridiculous meaning is attached to the word looby is also shown by one of the old penances for redeeming a forfeit, where a player has to lie stretched out on his back and declare, Here I lie The length of a looby, The breadth of a booby, And three parts of a jackass. The Scottish forms of the game bear on the theory of the game being grotesque.
Bandy-hoshoe A game at ball common in Norfolk, and played in a similar manner to Bandy (Halliwell s _Dictionary_). Toone (_Etymological Dictionary_) says it is also played in Suffolk, and in West Sussex is called Hawky. Bandy-wicket The game of Cricket, played with a bandy instead of a bat (Halliwell s _Dictionary_). Toone mentions it as played in Norfolk (_Dict._), and Moor as played in Suffolk with bricks usually, or, in their absence, with bats in place of bails or stumps (_Suffolk Words_). Banger Each boy provides himself with a button. One of the boys lays his button on the ground, near a wall. The other boys snap their buttons in turn against the wall. If the button drops within one span or hand-reach of the button laid down, it counts two (fig. 2); if within two spans, it counts one.
7 the position that would result from castling with the Queen’s Rook is shown by the black men. [Illustration: _No. 7._ +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | ♚ | ♜ | | | | ♜ | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | ♟ | ♟ | ♟ | | ♛ | ♟ | | ♟ | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | ♞ | ♟ | ♝ | ♞ | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | ♝ | | ♟ | | | | ] _=Queening Pawns.=_ If a passed Pawn succeeds in reaching the last or eighth square on any file, the player to whom the Pawn belongs may call it anything he chooses, from a Queen to a Knight. If the piece he chooses has already been captured, it must be replaced on the board, and on the square occupied by the Pawn, which is then removed. If not, some other piece must be put upon the board as a marker; a Rook upside down, or a Pawn with a ring on it, may represent a second Queen. _=OBJECT OF THE GAME.=_ If all the pieces could be captured, the object of the game might be to clear the board of the adversary’s men, as in Checkers; but the peculiarity of Chess is that one piece, the King, cannot be captured, and the object is to get the adverse King in such a position that he could not escape capture if he were a capturable piece. When that is accomplished the King is said to be _=mated=_, and the player who first succeeds in giving mate to the adversary’s King wins the game, regardless of the number or value of the pieces either side may have on the board at the time the mate is accomplished.
When seven play, the dealer takes no cards. In France, the cards usually rank as in Écarté; K Q J A 10 9 8 7; but in England and America it is more usual to preserve the order in Piquet, A K Q J 10 9 8 7. There is no trump suit. All the preliminaries are settled as at Hearts or Slobberhannes. _=Counters.=_ Each player is provided with ten or twenty counters, as may be agreed upon, and the player first losing his counters loses the game, and pays to each of the others any stake that may have been previously agreed upon, usually a counter for each point they have still to go when he is decavé. _=Objects of the Game.=_ The object of the game is to avoid winning any trick containing a Jack, and especially the Jack of spades, which is called _=Polignac=_. The moment any player wins a trick containing a Jack, he pays one counter into the pool. If he takes in Polignac, he pays two counters.
This is done with every alternate verse, the first verse being always sung as a chorus or dance in between the different action-verses. The verses may be varied or added to at pleasure. The actions generally consist of washing and dressing oneself, combing hair, washing clothes, baking bread, sweeping the floor, going to and returning from school, learning to read, cleaning boots, and lacing stays. When going to school, the children walk two by two in an orderly manner; when coming home from school, jumping and running is the style adopted; lacing stays, the hands are put behind and moved first one and then the other, as if lacing; this is the way the ladies walk, holding up skirts and walking primly; gentlemen walk, walking with long strides and sticks. The dressing process and cleaning boots preceded school. (_c_) This game is well known, and played in almost all parts of England. It is always played in the same way. There is so little variety in the different versions that it appears unnecessary to give more than one here. In the many versions sent the only variants are: In Sporle, Norfolk, Miss Matthews says the game is sometimes called _Ivy_ Bush, or _Ivory_ Bush; and Mr. C.
O. Addy). The game, it will be seen, differs in several ways from the other games of Fool, Fool, come to School type. The fool becomes a definite Dog, and the players _wish_ for any thing they choose; the Dog has apparently to find out their wishes. See All the Birds, Fool, Fool. Lobber There are three or more players on each side, two stones or holes as stations, and one Lobber. The Lobber lobs either a stick about three inches long or a ball--(the ball seems to be a new institution, as a stick was always formerly used)--while the batsman defends the stone or hole with either a short stick or his hand. Every time the stick or ball is hit, the boys defending the stones or holes must change places. Each one is out if the stick or ball lodges in the hole or hits the stone; or if the ball or stone is caught; or if it can be put in the hole or hits the stone while the boys are changing places. This game is also played with two Lobbers, that lob alternately from each end.
On the show the pone has only a pair, which puts him to 60, within one of the game hole. The dealer shows 12 in hand and 17 in crib, making him 54 up. In the next deal the player who wanted one could not peg, his adversary securing a fifteen and a go, and showing out with a pair and a fifteen, 61 up and game. THREE-HANDED CRIBBAGE. Five cards are dealt to each player, and then another, face down, for the foundation of the crib. Each player then lays out one card to make the dealer’s crib up to four. The starter is cut by the player on the dealer’s left, and the game proceeds as at six-card Cribbage, the eldest hand having the first show, the dealer the last. FOUR-HANDED CRIBBAGE. When four play, they cut for partners, choice of seats, and deal; the two lowest pairing against the two highest, and the lowest taking the first deal and crib. The game is usually 121 points up, or twice round the board, and only one player on each side keeps the score.
A bidder is not allowed to give the seller enough points to put him out, and should he do so by mistake, he forfeits his right to bid at all for that deal. If the seller has only two to go, and a player is able to bid three or four, he loses nothing by bidding one only, for no one can overbid him, and he is entitled to count all he makes. The only risk he runs is that the seller can afford to refuse one, and will go out on his own pitch. To remedy this it is the custom in some clubs to allow a player to bid the full value of his hand. If the seller accepts, he scores to within one of game; but if he refuses, he must make as many as bid, even if he does not actually want them. It is one of the fine points of the game for the seller to refuse when the number of points offered would put the bidder out if he was successful. There is no penalty for bidding out of turn. If a player chooses to expose to a preceding player what he is prepared to bid, that is usually to his own disadvantage. _=Bidding to the Board.=_ Modern players usually adopt the practice of bidding to the board, eldest hand having the first bid.
Score 6 to 5; you have 4 tricks in front of you. Score 5 to 4; you have 5 tricks in front of you. _=INFERENCES.=_ The great strength of the expert lies in his ability to draw correct inferences from the fall of the cards, and to adapt his play to the circumstances. Inferences from the various systems of leads and returns are too obvious to require further notice; but attention may be called to some that are often overlooked, even by advanced players: If a suit led is won by Third Hand with King or Ace; and the original leader wins the second round with King or Ace, the adversaries must have the Queen. If the Third Hand plays Ace first round, he has neither King nor Queen. If he plays Queen on a Ten led, he has no more. If he plays Ace on a King led, he has the Jack alone, or no more. If the Second Hand plays King first round on a small card led, he has Ace also, or no more. If he plays Ace under the same conditions, he has no more.