The unnumbered paragraphs show the inserted laws. It is a common practice for the framers of laws to insert rules which are simply descriptive of the manner of play. The author believes in adhering to the proper definition of a law, which is a rule carrying with it some penalty for its infraction, or defining the rights of individual players. Such a statement as that the Dummy player may not overlook his adversary’s hand is not a law, because there is no penalty if he does so. The author is not responsible for the peculiar grammar employed in both the American and English Laws. THE GAME. 1. A game consists of seven points, each trick above six counting one. The value of the game is determined by deducting the losers’ score from seven. In _=Boston=_, the game is finished in twelve deals.
Foster’s Bridge Maxims, by R.F. Foster, 1905. The Bridge Blue Book, by P.F. Mottelay, 1906. Good Bridge, by C.S. Street, 1907. Practical Bridge, by J.
210 (Miss Busk). (_b_) The children form a ring by joining hands, one child standing in the centre. They dance round. At the mention of the second name one from the ring goes into the centre. The two kiss at the end of the verse, and the first child takes the place in the ring, and the game begins again. See All the Boys, Oliver, Oliver, follow the King. Drab and Norr A game similar to Trippit and Coit. --Halliwell s _Dict._ Draw a Pail of Water [Music] --Sporle, Norfolk (Miss Matthews). I.
_=TRAYS.=_ When any apparatus is used for holding the cards, such as trays, boxes, or envelopes, each player puts his 13 cards in the compartment provided for them. Each tray has a mark upon it, usually an arrow, showing which end of the tray should point toward a given direction, usually the North. The pocket into which the dealer’s cards go is marked “dealer,” and it is usual to provide a trump slip for each tray. When the hand is first dealt, the trump is recorded on this slip, which travels round the room with the tray. After the dealer has turned up the designated trump, he places the trump slip in the tray, face down. When the play of the hand is finished and the cards replaced in the tray, the dealer puts his trump slip on the top of his cards. The four hands can then be conveniently carried or handed to any other table to be overplayed. [Illustration: VARIOUS APPARATUS FOR DUPLICATE.] _=SCORING.
_=Second Hand Play.=_ If any card is led by the adversaries which the fourth hand cannot win, the second hand should cover it if possible; for unless he does so, his weakness will be exposed, and the suit will be continued. This is especially true of cases in which the second hand holds single honours, such as Jack and others, or Queen and others. Even the King should be played second hand in such cases, unless it is so well guarded that the Ace must fall before the King can be forced out. If the fourth hand can win the card led, it is seldom necessary to cover second hand. For instance: If the Jack of trumps is led, the dealer holding Q 9 7 4, and Dummy having A 6 3 2; there is no need to play the Queen. If the King is in third hand, such play would establish the Ten. If the King is with the leader, it or the Ten must make. If Dummy were second hand with the same cards, Jack being led, he should not play the Ace, for third hand must play the King to shut out the Queen. With A Q 9, partner having K and others, it is best to play A on J led.
|My father s a king and| -- | -- | | |my mother s a queen. | | | | 9.|My two little sisters | -- | -- | | |are dressed in green. | | | |10.|Stamping grass and | -- | -- | | |parsley. | | | |11.|Marigold leaves and | -- | -- | | |daisies. | | | |12.|One rush, two rush. |One o my rush, two o |One in a rush, two in | | | |my rush.
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Every deal is played out, whether or not during it the game be concluded, and any points made (even if in excess of thirty) are counted. 5. The ace, king, queen, knave, and ten of the trump suit are the honours; when no trump is declared, the aces are the honours. 6. Honours are credited to the original holders; they are valued as follows: _When a Trump is Declared._ 3[1] honours held between partners equal value of 2 tricks. 4 ” ” ” ” ” ” 4 ” 5 ” ” ” ” ” ” 5 ” 4 ” ” in 1 hand ” ” 8 ” 4 ” ” ” 1 ” { 5th in } ” ” 9 ” 5 ” ” ” 1 ” {partner’s} ” ” 10 ” _When No Trump is Declared._ 3 aces held between partners count 30 4 ” ” ” ” ” 40 4 ” ” in one hand ” 100 7. Slam is made when partners take thirteen tricks.[2] It counts 40 points in the honour score.
Jack. Disagreeable young man. _=R.=_ He will do you an injury or injustice of some kind. Ten. Prison. Nine. Vexatious delays in business matters. Eight. Bad news.
You can wash them in an egg-shell. An egg-shell would not hold them. You can wash them by the river side. But what if I should fall in? We ll get a rope and pull you out, To me, I, O, OM. --Sheffield (S. O. Addy). V. Mother, come buy me two milking-pails, Two milking-pails, two milking-pails, Mother, come buy me two milking-pails, O sweet mother o mine. [Then verses beginning with the following lines--] Where shall I get my money from, O sweet daughter o mine? Sell my father s feather beds.
And so on until the boy standing out throws the ball in to the required distance.--Old newspaper cutting without date in my possession (A. B. Gomme). Chacke-Blyndman Scotch name for Blindman s Buff. --Jamieson. Chance Bone In Langley s abridgment of _Polydore Vergile_, f. 1., we have a description of this game: There is a game also that is played with the posterne bone in the hinder foote of a sheepe, oxe, gote, fallow, or redde dere, whiche in Latin is called _talus_. It hath foure chaunces: the ace point, that is named Canis, or Canicula, was one of the sides; he that cast it leyed doune a peny, or so muche as the gamers were agreed on; the other side was called Venus, that signifieth seven.
A couple seconds of reflection told him I was too tough for him. He went for his partner, his face darkening with rage now that his heart could get some blood to it. He had his hands out, for Rose s throat, I guess. For my dough it took guts to put fingers that close to all those teeth. But he never got a chance to try it. An ashtray, one of those things with a shot-loaded cloth bag under it, flew off a desk, smacked him in the back of the head, and dropped to the floor with a thump. It wasn t a hard blow, but an upsetting one. Fowler Smythe grinned at him from where he was sitting in one of the leather divans. Sit down and shut up, Sime, he suggested coolly. Simonetti sagged with defeat.
It is usual to give notice at the beginning of a round, by saying: “This is my last.” _=CUTTING.=_ Positions at the table are drawn for, the cards ranking as in play, Jacks being the best, and the suits outranking one another in order, so that there can be no ties in cutting. The lowest cut has the first choice of seats, and also deals the first hand. It is usual for the player sitting on the right of the first dealer to keep the score, so that one may always know when a round ends. _=STAKES.=_ Skat is played for so much a point, and the single player wins from or loses to each of the others at the table. A cent a point is considered a pretty stiff game, half a cent being more common in good clubs. Many play for a fifth, or even a tenth of a cent a point. At half a cent a point, ten dollars will usually cover a run of pretty bad luck in an evening’s play.
A-diss, a-diss, a-green grass, A-diss, a-diss, a-dass; Come, my pretty fair maid, And walk along with us. For you shall have a dik-ma-day, You shall have a dr[=a]gon; You shall have a nice young man With princes for his th[=e]gan (or s[=e]gan). --Lanarkshire (W. G. Black). III. A dish, a dish, a green grass, A dish, a dish, a dish, Come all you pretty maidens And dance along wi us. For we are lads a roving, A roving through the land, We ll take this pretty fair maid By her lily white hand. Ye sall get a duke, my dear, An ye sall get a drake, An ye sall get a bonny prince For your ain dear sake. And if they all should die, Ye sall get anither; The bells will ring, the birds will sing, And we ll clap our hands together.
Of these works, “Minor Tactics” will be found most useful to the beginner, as it simplifies the openings by grouping them, and concentrates the attention on the essential points of chess strategy. CODE OF CHESS LAWS. ADOPTED BY THE FIFTH AMERICAN CHESS CONGRESS. _=Definitions of Terms Used.=_ Whenever the word “_Umpire_” is used herein, it stands for any Committee having charge of Matches or Tournaments, with power to determine questions of chess-law and rules; or for any duly appointed Referee, or Umpire; for the bystanders, when properly appealed to; or for any person, present or absent, to whom may be referred any disputed questions; or for any other authority whomsoever having power to determine such questions. When the word “_move_” is used it is understood to mean a legal move or a move to be legally made according to these laws. When the word “_man_” or “_men_” is used, it is understood that it embraces both Pieces and Pawns. _=The Chess-Board and Men.=_ The Chess-board must be placed with a white square at the right-hand corner. If the Chess-board be wrongly placed, it cannot be changed during the game in progress after a move shall have been made by each player, provided the men were correctly placed upon the board at the beginning, _i.
If an adversary finds himself with a pretty strong hand, he should utterly disregard his partner, and play as false as he can; for if the callers have eight probable tricks between them, it is impossible for the fourth player to have anything, unless there has been some mistake in the call. _=In General.=_ There are one or two exceptions to the methods of playing sequences at Whist, dependent on the position of the players holding them. For instance: If first or second hand holds any sequence of high cards, he should play the highest if his partner sits next him on the left, and the adversaries are to play after him; otherwise the partner might think the higher cards of the sequence were against the leader. If a caller should hold K Q x second hand, and play the Q as at Whist, his partner following him, and holding Ace, would have to play it, thinking the King might be beyond. _=SOLO.=_ In speaking of the players in a solo, misère, or abundance, it is usual to distinguish those opposed to the single player by calling them respectively, Left, Right, and Opposite. [Illustration: Opposite +--------+ | | Left| |Right | | +--------+ The Caller ] This arrangement does not affect the use of the letters A Y B Z, and the terms first, second, third, and fourth hand; indicating the position of the deal, and of the lead. _=Calling.=_ Those solos are easiest which are declared by the eldest hand, or by the dealer; the hardest being those called by second hand.
=_ If a player moves a man a wrong number of points, the throw being correctly called, the adversary must demand that the error be rectified before he throws himself, or the erroneous move stands good. _=10.=_ If a man wrongly moved can be moved correctly, the player in error is obliged to move that man. If he cannot be moved correctly, the other man that was moved correctly on the same throw must be moved on the number of points on the second die, if possible. If the second man cannot be so moved onward, the player is at liberty to move any man he pleases. _=11.=_ Any man touched, except for the purpose of adjusting it, must be moved if the piece is playable. A player about to adjust a man must give due notice by saying, “J’adoube.” A man having been properly played to a certain point and quitted, must remain there. _=12.
_=Irregularities in Drawing.=_ If a player has forgotten to take a card from the talon, and has played to the next trick, his adversary may elect to call the deal void, or to allow him to draw two cards next time. If a player has drawn two cards from the stock, instead of one, he must show the second one to his adversary if he has seen it himself. If he has not seen it, he may put it back without penalty. If he draws out of turn, he must restore the card improperly drawn; and if it belongs to his adversary the player in error must show his own card. If both players draw the wrong cards there is no remedy. If the loser of any trick draws and looks at two cards from the stock, his adversary may look at both cards of the following draw, and may select either for himself. If he chooses the second card, he need not show it. If, on account of some undetected irregularity, an even number of cards remain in the stock, the last card must not be drawn. The winner of the trick takes the last but one, and the loser takes the trump card.
_=The Fourchette.=_ When the Second Hand has cards immediately above and below the one led, he should cover. The beginner may have some difficulty in recognising the fact that he holds fourchette if the suit has been round once or twice, and the intermediate cards have been played. Such cards as a Queen and a Seven may be fourchette over a Nine, if Jack, Ten and Eight have been played. _=Second Hand Having None=_ of the suit led, on either first or second round, must decide whether or not to trump it. If the card led is the best of the suit, he should certainly do so; but if it is not, and there is any uncertainty as to who will win the trick, it is usual for the Second Hand to pass when he has four trumps. With five trumps, there should be some good reason for keeping the trumps together, as a player with so many can usually afford to trump. If he does not trump, his play comes under the rules for discarding. _=FOURTH-HAND PLAY.=_ The Fourth Hand is the last player in any trick.